Technical info
Industry Standards
In order to meet your requirements, AC Plastiques Canada, Inc. designs and manufactures your equipment following the industry standard specifications listed below. Those standards can be listed under the three following categories:
Industry process standards
The industry process standards include all standards used to design and manufacture FRP and Dual Laminate products.
ASME RTP-1 – Reinforced thermoset plastic corrosion resistant equipment. - ASME RTP-1, section M-14 for Dual Laminate products
- DVS 2205 Calculation of thermoplastic tanks and apparatus
- DVS 2207-3 Hot gas welding of thermoplastic polymers; panels and pipes
- DVS 2207-1, 2, 11, 15 Heated tool welding of pipes
- DVS 2207-4 Welding of thermoplastics; Extrusion welding for panels and pipes
- ASTM D3299 Standard specification for glass fiber reinforced thermoset resin chemical resistant tanks
- ASTM D4163 Standard specification for Reinforced thermosetting resin pressure pipe
- ASTM D2996 Standard specification for filament wound reinforced thermosetting pipe
- ASTM D2310 Classification system for reinforced thermosetting resin pipe
- · ASTM D4097 Standard specification for contact molded glass fiber reinforced thermoset resin chemical resistant tanks
- DIN 16867 – Glass fiber reinforced polyester resin pipes, fittings and joints
- · DIN 16965, part 1 to 5 – Wound glass fiber reinforced polyester resin pipes
- DIN 16966, part 1 to 6 – Glass fiber reinforced polyester resin pipes and joints
Material specification standards
This section includes all standards use for determining physical properties of thermoset and thermoplastic resins.
ASTM D638 Test method for tensile properties of plastics - ASTM D695 Test method for compressive properties of rigid plastics
- · ASTM D790 Test method for flexural properties of reinforced and non-reinforced plastics
- ASTM D648 Test method for deflection temperature of plastic under flexural load
- ASTM D256 Test method for impact resistance of plastic materials
- ASTM D2583 Test method for indention of hardness of rigid plastics by means of barcol impressor
- ASTM D2584 Test method for ignition loss of cured reinforced resins
- ASTM E84 Test method for surface burning characteristics of building materials
- ASTM D696 Test method for coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics
Thermoplastic components classification
- PVC & CPVC : ASTM-D1784
- PP : ASTM-D4101
- PE : ASTM-D1248
- PVDF : ASTM-D3222
- ECTFE : ASTM-D3275
- ETFE : ASTM-D3159
- MFA : ASTM-D6314
- FEP : ASTM-D3368
- PFA : ASTM-D3307
Quality process standards
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ASTM D2563, level 1 to 4- ASME RTP-1, level 1 & 2
- CAN/CGSB-41.22-93
- CIL 4200 & 4201
- ASTM C1147 - Short term tensile weld strength of chemical resistant thermoplastics
- DVS 2201-1 Imperfection in thermoplastic welding joints
- Examination of plastic welders Extrusion welding
Thermoplastic Liners
The following thermoplastic liner materials are used in the corrosion industry for Dual Laminate construction.
Vinyl chlorides
PVC:
Polyvinyl Chloride
CPVC:
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
Vinyl chlorides are widely used throughout the corrosion industry because of their interesting cost/performance ratio. They are used for many acid applications. However, they are not recommended for solvent applications.
Polyolefins
PP:
Polypropylene
PE:
Polyethylene
Polyolefins is the generic term used to describe a family of polymers derived from a particular group of base chemicals known as olefins. As polymers, they form tough, flexible plastic materials with a large variety of uses.
Fluoropolymers:
Fluoropolymers are a class of paraffinic, thermoplastic polymers where some or all of the hydrogen has been replaced by fluorine. The result is either a fully fluorinated polymer such as FEP, MFA and PFA, or a partially fluorinated polymer, such as PVDF, ECTFE and ETFE.
| PVDF : | KYNAR® | Solef PVDF® | HYLAR® |
| ECTFE : | HALAR® |  |  |
| ETFE : | TEFZEL® |  |  |
| MFA : | HYFLON® |  |  |
| FEP : | TEFLON® |  |  |
| PFA : | TEFLON® |  |  |
Bonding Properties
L'aspect le plus fondamental de la fabrication en DUAL LAMINATE repose sur les propriétés d'adhésion entre le revêtement intérieur du thermoplastique et le renforcement structurel du PRF. Tel que mentionné dans "ASME RTP-1, section M-14, paragraphe M14B-614.4 - Bond strength requirements", au moins une des normes suivantes doit être appliquée sur chaque mise en production du matériel thermoplastique destiné à un recouvrement en DUAL LAMINATE.
- ASTM D3846 - In-Plane shear strength test - 1015 psi
- ASTM D1781 - Climbing drum peel for adhesives - 50 lbs. po/po
- DIN 53769 - Interlaminar shear stress - 870 psi
- BS 4994 - B.11 - Peel test - 40 lbs/po
AC Plastiques Canada Inc. has made it its commitment to meet or exceed those standards on a consistent basis. Furthermore our unique embedding technology for small diameter Dual Laminate piping provides superior bonding properties throughout every component of your piping system.
Hot gas welding
Hot gas welding is a very efficient, reliable technique for the joining of thermoplastic components. It is used in all three classes of thermoplastics; Vinyl chlorides, Polyolefins and Fluoropolymers. Our hot gas welding procedures follow DVS standard 2207, section 3 - Hot gas rod welding of thermoplastics. Furthermore, each of our thermoplastic technicians undergo periodic testing to evaluate and validate their welding abilities. Testing procedures comply to ASTM-C1147 - Standard practice for determining the short term tensile weld strength of chemical-resistant thermoplastics, in which the minimum short term weld factors illustrated on the table below must be obtained.
Preparation of pipes or fittings to be joined
The parts to be welded are profiled on their connecting edges (V-seam). The connecting surfaces are deburred and cleaned of the connecting surfaces. Parts are then adjusted for welding.
Welding
During hot gas welding, the basic material (connecting surfaces) as well as the application material (welding rod) are to be brought up to welding temperature via constant regular heating. The size and quantity of welding rods must follow DVS requirements shown below:
Liner thickness Qty/size (Ø) of rod
2mm 1 x 4mm
3mm 3 x 3mm
4mm 1 x 3mm + 2 x 4mm
6mm 6 x 3mm
| MINIMUM SHORT TERM WELD FACTORS | |||
| Thermoplastic | Hot gaz | Extrusion | Hot plate |
| HDPE | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| PP | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| PVC | 0.8 | X | 0.9 |
| CPVC | 0.6 | X | 0.8 |
| PVDF | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| ECTFE | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| ETFE | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| FEP | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| TFE (PFA fiber) | 0.9 | 0.9 | X |
| PFA | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| WELDING PARAMETERS | |||||
| Liner | Welding temp. | Welding speed | Air flow (l/min) | Nb of pass (sheet 2.3mm) | Nb of pass (sheet 3mm) |
| PVC | 260..290 | 10-16 | N/A | N/A | 3 X 4mm |
| CPVC | 290..350 | 10-16 | N/A | N/A | 3 X 4mm |
| PP | 280..330 | 10-16 | 50-60 | N/A | 3 X 3mm |
| PVDF | 350..360 | 10-16 | 50-60 | N/A | 3 X 3mm |
| ECTFE | 350..380 | 6-8 | 50-60 | 1 X 4mm | N/A |
In order to obtain good results, it is important to carefully follow the parameters illustrated in the above table.
Heat plate butt welding
Following DVS 2207 - 1, 2, 11, 15
The figure shown below illustrates how temperature, pressure and time, control the heat plate butt welding process. These three parameters can be categorized under the five following operation categories:
- Alignment time
- Pre-heating time
- Adjusting time
- Joining pressure build-up time
- Cooling time
Alignment time
The operations performed during that section serve to prepare the two sections to be joined.
- Assembling of the welding machine
- Install the welding tent (if necessary)
- Clamp and adjust the parts to be welded
- Mill the surfaces to be welded
- Remove shaving
- Check the evenness of the surfaces to be welded by placing them together. The maximum gap between the surfaces must follow the established tables of the liner supplier
- Check displacement of pipes
- Clean heating element with paper free of fiber
Pre-heating time
The pre-heating time is dependent of the pipe diameter, its wall thickness and the thermoplastic family class. The following operations are performed during this segment of the heat element butt process.
- Assuring that the welding temperature is adequate
- Inserting the heating element
- Maintain a constant pre-heating pressure at the surfaces that are to be welded onto the heating element until a bead is created around the total diameter.
Adjusting time
Reduce the pre-heating pressure value to almost 0. After sufficient pre-heating, remove surfaces from the heating element and remove the heating element.
Joining pressure build-up time
This step consists in joining the two sections by constantly increasing the joining pressure up to the desired joining pressure. The desired joining pressure must be obtained in a controlled laps of time.
Cooling time
Once the joining pressure is obtained, it is maintained while the weld area cools down. The use of cooling agents to dramatically reduce the cooling time is not permitted.
Welding Certificates
Our welders make different welding tests with several materials, the quality of their work is constantly monitored and verified.
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
| AC Plastiques Canada Brochure.pdf | 1.04 MB |
| AC Plastiques China Brochure.pdf | 2.26 MB |
| CRN_1.pdf | 43.27 KB |
| CRN_2.pdf | 70.91 KB |
| CRN_3.pdf | 65.3 KB |
| CRN-english-2003.pdf | 178.14 KB |
